Internet Archive founder Brewster Kahle speaks onstage in 2022 in New York City. He said a cyberattack on the nonprofit, which advocates for universal access to all knowledge, affected more than 31 million of its users.

Roy Rochlin/Getty Images for Unfinished Live

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Roy Rochlin/Getty Images for Unfinished Live

A hack this month on the world’s largest archive of the internet — whose mission is to provide “universal access to all knowledge” — has compromised millions of users’ information and forced a temporary shutdown of its services.

The attack on the Internet Archive leaked identifying information from more than 31 million user accounts, including patron email addresses and encrypted passwords, according to the website Have I Been Pwnd, which tracks accounts that may be compromised in a data breach.

The Internet Archive, a nonprofit based in San Francisco that operates on a shoestring budget, provides free access to its enormous digitized library of websites current and past, software applications, and print materials. The organization said its vast cache of archival material “is safe” following the breach.

IA said that it took down the entire site temporarily to “access and improve our security.” By Friday, most of its services were back online, including its archive tool of websites, the Wayback Machine. The IA said that it was working “around the clock” and through the weekend to restore the rest of its services securely.

“In coming days more services will resume, some starting in read-only mode as full restoration will take more time,” read a blog entry from IA founder Brewster Kahle posted Friday.

News of the attack surfaced on Oct. 9, with visitors to archive.org sharing screenshots showing that the website’s JavaScript had been defaced with a message that the Internet Archive had been breached:

“Have you ever felt like the Internet Archive runs on sticks and is constantly on the verge of suffering a catastrophic security breach? It just happened. See 31 million of you on [Have I Been Pwnd],” read the JavaScript alert that momentarily appeared on the site.

“We’re taking a cautious, deliberate approach to rebuild and strengthen our defenses. Our priority is ensuring the Internet Archive comes online stronger and more secure,” Kahle said in his blog post.

He noted other recent cyberattacks on libraries — the British Library, Seattle Public Library, Toronto Public Library, and Calgary Public Library.

“We hope these attacks are not indicative of a trend,” he said.

In May, the Internet Archive saw its first attack since its founding in 1996, Kahle told The Washington Post, and intermittent outages have followed.

Since 2020, the Internet Archive has been dogged by lawsuits over its digitization of copyrighted books and music. Kahle told the Post the costly fines from the lawsuits could amount to a death blow for the archive.

The nonprofit has yet to share further updates on the breach of sensitive information. NPR has reached out to the Internet Archive for more details about the attack and how its patrons were affected.